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The Book of Kells was probably produced in a
monastery on the Isle of Iona, Scotland, to honor Saint Columba in the early 8th
century. After a Viking raid the book was moved to Kells, Ireland, sometime in
the 9th century. It was stolen in the 11th century, at which time its cover was
torn off and it was thrown into a ditch. The cover, which most likely included
gold and gems, has never been found, and the book suffered some water damage;
but otherwise it is extraordinarily well-preserved.
In 1541, at the height of the English Reformation,
the book was taken by the Roman Catholic Church for safekeeping. It was returned
to Ireland in the 17th century, and Archbishop James Ussher gave it to Trinity
College, Dublin, where it resides today.
The Book of Kells was written on vellum
(calfskin), which was time-consuming to prepare properly but made for an
excellent, smooth writing surface. 680 individual pages (340 folios) have
survived, and of them only two lack any form of artistic ornamentation. In
addition to incidental character illuminations, there are entire pages that are
primarily decoration, including portrait pages, "carpet" pages and partially
decorated pages with only a line or so of text.
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The Long Room (immediately upstairs from the
exhibit) is a testament to the secular worship of learning: it is a cathedral of
the book. The library is 210 feet long and is over two stories high with a
beautifully timbered, barrel-vaulted ceiling. Over 200,000 of the oldest books
in the library's collections are held in oak bookcases and shelving, running the
length of the room in a series of alcoves on either side. Contrasting with the
dark wood and bindings of the books are white marble busts that punctuate the
alcoves, celebrating great writers and philosophers. |
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